中文版 
Types of Urinary Incontinence
Stress Incontinence
Causes - Weakening of pelvic floor muscle and reduced urethral closure pressure
- Increased intra-abdominal pressure
- More common in females with multiparity, obesity, chronic cough, constipation and elderly
Signs and Symptoms The complaint of involuntary urinary leakage on effort or exertion, or on sneezing or coughing.

Urge Incontinence
Causes - Common in people who have overactive bladder
- Due to involuntary detrusor contractions
- Or due to damage of Central Nervous System inhibitory pathways, e.g. Central Vascular Disease, Parkinson's, etc.
Signs and Symptoms - The complaint of involuntary urinary leakage accompanied by or immediately preceded by urgency.

Overflow Incontinence
Causes - Due to neurogenic problem, leading to absence of detrusor activity.
- Over-distended bladder to a point where the elevated intra-vesical pressure overcomes the urethral resistance, leading to overflow incontinence.
Signs and Symptoms Frequent leakage of small amount of urine with or without urgency.

Functional Incontinence
Causes - Physical disability
- Mental disability
- Environmental barrier
Signs and Symptoms - Due to environmental barrier, physical or mental disability, clients are not able to go to toilet on time.

Nocturnal Enuresis
Causes - Common in people who have involuntary detrusor contractions.
Signs and Symptoms - Urinary incontinence occurs during sleeping