Pathophysiology
-Weakening of pelvic floor muscle and reduced urethral closure pressure. 
-More common in females with multiparity, obesity, chronic cough, constipation and elderly.
-Increased intra-abominal pressure.

Signs and Symptoms
-The complaint of involuntary urinary leakage on effort or exertion, or on sneezing or coughing.

Treatment
Non-surgical treatment
-Pelvic floor exercise
Surgical treatment e.g.
-Colposuspension
-Tension-free vaginal tape

Other points to note
-Avoid constipation and prevent straining during your bowel movement.
-In case you have chronic bronchitis or asthma, seek medical advice to reduce sneezing and coughing
-Keep your weight within the right range for your height and age. Don't get overweight